It's flare - the same sort of thing as one sometimes sees from the sun.
With very bright lights on cars and at certain angles the refraction of light through glass can create this effect. Filters can exacerbate the effect and the lens/filter coatings (or lack of them) can have some influence over how visible they are.
Quite a few things will influence how visible they are in the images.
https://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tu...lens-flare.htm
The article discusses sun based flare but you can get the same thing from direct point light sources where the source is offset from the centre line of the lens.
I'll see if I can find an article that specifically discusses that.
(Of course the is always Wikipedia to offer something!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_f...lens_flare.jpg )
I only have one lens with a filter on it (bought used and the filter was fitted so I left it on). I have not noticed any problems with flare but as it's a the Canon 24-105 L zoom I may not be using it in many situations where the flare would be very evident.