Home  
Site Partners: SpotterGuides Veloce Books  
Related Sites: Your Link Here  

Go Back   TenTenths Motorsport Forum > Saloon & Sportscar Racing > Sportscar & GT Racing > ACO Regulated Series

View Poll Results: Pick the champions!
Audi Sport Team Joest 79 50.32%
Toyota Racing 42 26.75%
Porsche 31 19.75%
Rebellion Racing 2 1.27%
OAK Racing 1 0.64%
The other guys... 2 1.27%
Voters: 157. You may not vote on this poll

Reply
 
Thread Tools Display Modes
Old 12 Aug 2014, 13:45 (Ref:3443688)   #1476
EricS
Racer
 
Join Date: Mar 2013
United States
Austin, TX
Posts: 442
EricS should be qualifying in the top 10 on the grid
Great news! Hindy and GG as commentators for WEC's official TV coverage for rest of the season. The RLM audio stream will use different commentators.

http://www.dailysportscar.com/2014/0...and-radio.html
EricS is offline  
Quote
Old 12 Aug 2014, 14:19 (Ref:3443696)   #1477
seanyb505
Veteran
 
Join Date: Jun 2010
United States
Simpsonville, SC
Posts: 1,869
seanyb505 is going for a new world record!seanyb505 is going for a new world record!seanyb505 is going for a new world record!seanyb505 is going for a new world record!seanyb505 is going for a new world record!seanyb505 is going for a new world record!seanyb505 is going for a new world record!
Quote:
Originally Posted by EricS View Post
Great news! The Dacia Sandero is...Hindy and GG as commentators for WEC's official TV coverage for rest of the season. The RLM audio stream will use different commentators.

http://www.dailysportscar.com/2014/0...and-radio.html
How I read the post lol.

Why wouldn't RLM use what Hindy & GG are doing? Contract reasons? Is it wrong to use the same product to get Nissan advert dollars as well as payment from the WEC?
seanyb505 is offline  
Quote
Old 12 Aug 2014, 14:23 (Ref:3443698)   #1478
Graham Goodwin
Veteran
 
Graham Goodwin's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2002
United Kingdom
Epsom UK
Posts: 3,390
Graham Goodwin is going for a new world record!Graham Goodwin is going for a new world record!Graham Goodwin is going for a new world record!Graham Goodwin is going for a new world record!Graham Goodwin is going for a new world record!Graham Goodwin is going for a new world record!Graham Goodwin is going for a new world record!
Quote:
Originally Posted by seanyb505 View Post
How I read the post lol.

Why wouldn't RLM use what Hindy & GG are doing? Contract reasons? Is it wrong to use the same product to get Nissan advert dollars as well as payment from the WEC?
WEC want dedicated TV feed including commentary, RLM committed to free to air coverage - The two don't mix. This means that there are more choices, including a choice to hear it free.
Graham Goodwin is offline  
Quote
Old 12 Aug 2014, 16:26 (Ref:3443731)   #1479
Articus
Veteran
 
Join Date: Dec 2011
Posts: 4,755
Articus should be qualifying in the top 5 on the gridArticus should be qualifying in the top 5 on the gridArticus should be qualifying in the top 5 on the grid
Quote:
Originally Posted by EricS View Post
Great news! Hindy and GG as commentators for WEC's official TV coverage for rest of the season. The RLM audio stream will use different commentators.

http://www.dailysportscar.com/2014/0...and-radio.html
Hallelujah!! It's about time we had nice things.
Articus is offline  
Quote
Old 12 Aug 2014, 16:29 (Ref:3443732)   #1480
blankfile
Racer
 
Join Date: Jan 2014
Posts: 291
blankfile should be qualifying in the top 10 on the grid
Quote:
Originally Posted by Graham Goodwin View Post
WEC want dedicated TV feed including commentary, RLM committed to free to air coverage - The two don't mix. This means that there are more choices, including a choice to hear it free.
Well it isn't RLM but the second best thing, verry sneaky!
blankfile is offline  
Quote
Old 12 Aug 2014, 16:55 (Ref:3443741)   #1481
airbusA346
Veteran
 
airbusA346's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2008
England
Staffordshire, UK
Posts: 5,193
airbusA346 should be qualifying in the top 5 on the gridairbusA346 should be qualifying in the top 5 on the grid
Millennium Racing haven't written off the 2014 season yet.

http://www.endurance-info.com/fr/mil...tie-de-saison/
airbusA346 is offline  
__________________
JWA : Manthey Racing : Proton Competition
Quote
Old 12 Aug 2014, 18:40 (Ref:3443762)   #1482
Beetle
Veteran
 
Beetle's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2012
United States
Texas
Posts: 2,336
Beetle is going for a new lap record!Beetle is going for a new lap record!Beetle is going for a new lap record!Beetle is going for a new lap record!Beetle is going for a new lap record!Beetle is going for a new lap record!
Quote:
Originally Posted by airbusA346 View Post
Millennium Racing haven't written off the 2014 season yet.

http://www.endurance-info.com/fr/mil...tie-de-saison/
Until Interlagos draws to a close, will they ever?

EDIT: The race thread will be up by Friday, August 15.
Beetle is offline  
Quote
Old 15 Aug 2014, 03:50 (Ref:3444410)   #1483
JoestForEver
Veteran
 
JoestForEver's Avatar
 
Join Date: Nov 2013
United Kingdom
New York
Posts: 734
JoestForEver should be qualifying in the top 10 on the grid
http://www.dailysportscar.com/2014/0...available.html
Looks like Ram Racing is liquidating their asset now, another failed attempt to step up from ELMS to WEC, isn't it?
The rocketing expense of racing in a world championship is just prohibitive to private entries, and stepping up from regional endurance series looks more like a joke now. This will, inevitably, make every group from P1 to GTE into BoP'ed racing in the foreseeable future as ACO will do everything they can to please all existing factory teams. The series is far from success, or at least unhealthy.
JoestForEver is offline  
__________________
Eat, sleep, race, repeat.
Quote
Old 15 Aug 2014, 07:37 (Ref:3444432)   #1484
carbon_titanium
Veteran
 
Join Date: Oct 2013
Posts: 1,240
carbon_titanium should be qualifying in the top 10 on the gridcarbon_titanium should be qualifying in the top 10 on the grid
Quote:
Originally Posted by JoestForEver View Post
http://www.dailysportscar.com/2014/0...available.html
Looks like Ram Racing is liquidating their asset now, another failed attempt to step up from ELMS to WEC, isn't it?
The rocketing expense of racing in a world championship is just prohibitive to private entries, and stepping up from regional endurance series looks more like a joke now. This will, inevitably, make every group from P1 to GTE into BoP'ed racing in the foreseeable future as ACO will do everything they can to please all existing factory teams. The series is far from success, or at least unhealthy.
The first thing I thought when I saw not one but two full season entry for RAM RACING! was clear that after LM the withdraw was automatic.
Anyway since 2012 ACO uses to pick teams like pescarolo, luxury racing, gulf middle east, ram racing etc... who barely are able to race in europe...
carbon_titanium is offline  
Quote
Old 15 Aug 2014, 09:39 (Ref:3444444)   #1485
TF110
Veteran
 
TF110's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2010
United States
Posts: 15,389
TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!
How did you come to the "rocketing expense" in wec conclusion from this (sad) story? If they couldnt afford the wec but could afford the elms, why are they selling these cars? They should do elms if they can afford to or if they want to. We dont even have the full story.
TF110 is offline  
Quote
Old 15 Aug 2014, 17:00 (Ref:3444516)   #1486
Gingers4Justice
Veteran
 
Gingers4Justice's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2009
United Kingdom
Highbury, London
Posts: 3,873
Gingers4Justice will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGingers4Justice will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGingers4Justice will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGingers4Justice will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGingers4Justice will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGingers4Justice will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGingers4Justice will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGingers4Justice will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGingers4Justice will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGingers4Justice will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGingers4Justice will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Fame
Quote:
Originally Posted by JoestForEver View Post
http://www.dailysportscar.com/2014/0...available.html
Looks like Ram Racing is liquidating their asset now, another failed attempt to step up from ELMS to WEC, isn't it?
The rocketing expense of racing in a world championship is just prohibitive to private entries, and stepping up from regional endurance series looks more like a joke now. This will, inevitably, make every group from P1 to GTE into BoP'ed racing in the foreseeable future as ACO will do everything they can to please all existing factory teams. The series is far from success, or at least unhealthy.
I think this is symptomatic of a problem seen everywhere in motorsport worldwide, namely, the absence of sponsors on the paintwork. Teams are having to get more creative and less selective when it comes to finding investment, and that often means turning to unreliable - and in some cases, shady - sources.

RAM probably tried to make the move to the WEC a little too early, but I think the lack of avaliable sponsors is the issue more than the cost of the championship. How cheap can a World Championship realistically be?
Gingers4Justice is offline  
Quote
Old 16 Aug 2014, 04:22 (Ref:3444603)   #1487
JoestForEver
Veteran
 
JoestForEver's Avatar
 
Join Date: Nov 2013
United Kingdom
New York
Posts: 734
JoestForEver should be qualifying in the top 10 on the grid
Quote:
Originally Posted by Gingers4Justice View Post
I think this is symptomatic of a problem seen everywhere in motorsport worldwide, namely, the absence of sponsors on the paintwork. Teams are having to get more creative and less selective when it comes to finding investment, and that often means turning to unreliable - and in some cases, shady - sources.

RAM probably tried to make the move to the WEC a little too early, but I think the lack of avaliable sponsors is the issue more than the cost of the championship. How cheap can a World Championship realistically be?
A world championship is supposed to provide ram racing with more media exposure and thus more sponsor money, which is not necessarily the case now.

The problem, at least it seems now, is that world series teams raise funs differently from regional series. ELMS teams can be supported by selling seats to gentlemen drivers but in a world series you got to sell your team to large sponsors, or you either go to the stock market like Williams or live purely on TV dividend based on your season standings(Like the rest of the F1 independent teams).

In short, what I want to say about this is that ACO/FIA have to find a way to encourage more privateers to keep the series healthy. In order to do so, they might need privateers-exclusive talk show before the race or promotion activities to help them raise money, or privateers dividend in the form of entry fee credit instead of raising entry fee drastically season after season.(No source for the exact number though, sorry for my memory, but I see the report on this forum.)
JoestForEver is offline  
__________________
Eat, sleep, race, repeat.
Quote
Old 16 Aug 2014, 05:30 (Ref:3444612)   #1488
TzeiTzei
Veteran
 
Join Date: Jul 2013
Finland
Posts: 1,157
TzeiTzei should be qualifying in the top 5 on the gridTzeiTzei should be qualifying in the top 5 on the gridTzeiTzei should be qualifying in the top 5 on the grid
Quote:
Originally Posted by JoestForEver View Post
In short, what I want to say about this is that ACO/FIA have to find a way to encourage more privateers to keep the series healthy. In order to do so, they might need privateers-exclusive talk show before the race or promotion activities to help them raise money, or privateers dividend in the form of entry fee credit instead of raising entry fee drastically season after season.(No source for the exact number though, sorry for my memory, but I see the report on this forum.)
I would say they need get the maximum amount of viewers possible. You want more sponsors? Well get more people to watch the series first. Get rid of the paywall, put the races on tv (offer it for free if necessary) and advertise. Porsche just joined, Nissan will join next year, the interest is there. ACO have the golden opportunity to grow the fan base. Remember, in the end we are the ones who pay the bills. But now is the time to invest, not to cash in. If the ACO can't afford this, then talk to the manufacturers. I'm confident that for marketing purposes the likes of Audi, Toyota, Porsche and Nissan would be willing to put some money into this.
TzeiTzei is offline  
Quote
Old 16 Aug 2014, 07:06 (Ref:3444617)   #1489
Spyderman
Veteran
 
Spyderman's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2007
Mozambique
Mozambique
Posts: 4,642
Spyderman should be qualifying in the top 3 on the gridSpyderman should be qualifying in the top 3 on the gridSpyderman should be qualifying in the top 3 on the gridSpyderman should be qualifying in the top 3 on the grid
Quote:
Originally Posted by TzeiTzei View Post
I would say they need get the maximum amount of viewers possible. You want more sponsors? Well get more people to watch the series first. Get rid of the paywall, put the races on tv (offer it for free if necessary) and advertise. Porsche just joined, Nissan will join next year, the interest is there. ACO have the golden opportunity to grow the fan base. Remember, in the end we are the ones who pay the bills. But now is the time to invest, not to cash in. If the ACO can't afford this, then talk to the manufacturers. I'm confident that for marketing purposes the likes of Audi, Toyota, Porsche and Nissan would be willing to put some money into this.
+1
Spyderman is offline  
Quote
Old 16 Aug 2014, 11:10 (Ref:3444641)   #1490
J Jay
Veteran
 
J Jay's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2013
United Kingdom
Manchester
Posts: 6,134
J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!
Quote:
Originally Posted by TzeiTzei View Post
I would say they need get the maximum amount of viewers possible. You want more sponsors? Well get more people to watch the series first. Get rid of the paywall, put the races on tv (offer it for free if necessary) and advertise. Porsche just joined, Nissan will join next year, the interest is there. ACO have the golden opportunity to grow the fan base. Remember, in the end we are the ones who pay the bills. But now is the time to invest, not to cash in. If the ACO can't afford this, then talk to the manufacturers. I'm confident that for marketing purposes the likes of Audi, Toyota, Porsche and Nissan would be willing to put some money into this.
Pierre Fillon, Gerard Neveu; take note.
J Jay is online now  
__________________
BoP is democracy for racing.
Quote
Old 16 Aug 2014, 21:47 (Ref:3444722)   #1491
TF110
Veteran
 
TF110's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2010
United States
Posts: 15,389
TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!
At least in America, the cota round will be broadcast, if only for portion. They need exposure, and if teams want it to expand, they need to voice their concerns. This series cant be run by a few people who think they know best. All the participants need to be heard and need to talk.
TF110 is offline  
Quote
Old 16 Aug 2014, 22:32 (Ref:3444724)   #1492
chernaudi
Veteran
 
chernaudi's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2006
United States
Mansfield, Ohio
Posts: 8,827
chernaudi has a real shot at the championship!chernaudi has a real shot at the championship!chernaudi has a real shot at the championship!chernaudi has a real shot at the championship!chernaudi has a real shot at the championship!chernaudi has a real shot at the championship!
I thought that the COTA round would be broadcast live in whole, but on FS2, which not everyone has, even if they have FS1.

It's either that, or hope to get the highlights show on FS1 when it comes out.
chernaudi is online now  
Quote
Old 16 Aug 2014, 23:12 (Ref:3444732)   #1493
TF110
Veteran
 
TF110's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2010
United States
Posts: 15,389
TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!
Sportscar365 has an interesting article on the logistics of the wec. Includes shipping details. Interesting that lmp1 manufacturers are responsible for shipping the hybrid batteries.
TF110 is offline  
Quote
Old 17 Aug 2014, 21:42 (Ref:3444861)   #1494
Maelochs
Veteran
 
Maelochs's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2012
Posts: 4,434
Maelochs will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameMaelochs will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameMaelochs will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameMaelochs will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameMaelochs will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameMaelochs will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameMaelochs will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameMaelochs will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameMaelochs will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Fame
One more vote for Tzei-Tzei's approach. Trying to milk a small fan base for small money is not as smart as trying to increase that fanbase, and Internet right now offers minimal RoI for sponsors compared to TV.

The money ACO/FIA make from the paywall all year can't be more than the tire bill for one race. Is this another case of the series running only to make the management's paychecks, and too bad for everyone else? Ask ALMS how that works out.
Maelochs is offline  
Quote
Old 17 Aug 2014, 22:11 (Ref:3444866)   #1495
TF110
Veteran
 
TF110's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2010
United States
Posts: 15,389
TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!TF110 is going for a new world record!
Theres no specific reason for a pay stream. Same with F1.com asking you to pay for a live timing app as if they dont make enough money already.
TF110 is offline  
Quote
Old 18 Aug 2014, 00:18 (Ref:3444886)   #1496
Acid09
Veteran
 
Acid09's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2003
Germany
Posts: 3,795
Acid09 is going for a new lap record!Acid09 is going for a new lap record!Acid09 is going for a new lap record!Acid09 is going for a new lap record!Acid09 is going for a new lap record!Acid09 is going for a new lap record!
Quote:
Originally Posted by TF110 View Post
Theres no specific reason for a pay stream.
Yes there is. It has been explained several times that the pay stream has to be in place in order not to violate Eurosport's rights of exclusivity.

Now one could argue that they should not have signed this deal this way but the way the contracts are now, there is a very specific reason as to why the pay stream is there.
Acid09 is offline  
Quote
Old 18 Aug 2014, 08:34 (Ref:3444945)   #1497
Deleted
Registered User
Veteran
 
Join Date: Jun 2010
Posts: 10,744
Deleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Fame
Quote:
Originally Posted by Acid09 View Post
Yes there is. It has been explained several times that the pay stream has to be in place in order not to violate Eurosport's rights of exclusivity.

Now one could argue that they should not have signed this deal this way but the way the contracts are now, there is a very specific reason as to why the pay stream is there.
Since when has Eurosport ever cared of exclusivity outside Le Mans? Yeah for that one race it has been the norm for ages not to offer free streaming - for obvious reasons - but the other races?

And it's not ES is that exclusive anyway as Motors TV broadcasts all those other races anyway, in more depth too
Deleted is offline  
Quote
Old 18 Aug 2014, 10:29 (Ref:3444976)   #1498
Acid09
Veteran
 
Acid09's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2003
Germany
Posts: 3,795
Acid09 is going for a new lap record!Acid09 is going for a new lap record!Acid09 is going for a new lap record!Acid09 is going for a new lap record!Acid09 is going for a new lap record!Acid09 is going for a new lap record!
Quote:
Originally Posted by Chiana View Post
Since when has Eurosport ever cared of exclusivity outside Le Mans? Yeah for that one race it has been the norm for ages not to offer free streaming - for obvious reasons - but the other races?

And it's not ES is that exclusive anyway as Motors TV broadcasts all those other races anyway, in more depth too
MotorsTV is basically a pay-TV channel though, it's not free to air.

Eurosport is and a free web stream in HD is competition for them. Why should people watch Eurosport and their commercials if they can watch a commercial-free stream instead?

It's something that potentially costs them viewers, that's why it had to be blocked off.
Acid09 is offline  
Quote
Old 18 Aug 2014, 11:14 (Ref:3444981)   #1499
Ginaro Zukovsky
Racer
 
Join Date: Jun 2007
Posts: 429
Ginaro Zukovsky should be qualifying in the top 10 on the grid
Quote:
Originally Posted by Acid09 View Post
MotorsTV is basically a pay-TV channel though, it's not free to air.

Eurosport is and a free web stream in HD is competition for them. Why should people watch Eurosport and their commercials if they can watch a commercial-free stream instead?

It's something that potentially costs them viewers, that's why it had to be blocked off.
MotorsTV is available for free in the UK via Freeview, and on satellite for those with a Sky viewing card. MotorsTV has been showing the WEC live since the start, strange for Eurosport to suddenly say, "take your fiawec.com live stream behind a paywall".
Ginaro Zukovsky is offline  
Quote
Old 18 Aug 2014, 11:32 (Ref:3444983)   #1500
Deleted
Registered User
Veteran
 
Join Date: Jun 2010
Posts: 10,744
Deleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameDeleted will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Fame
Quote:
Originally Posted by Ginaro Zukovsky View Post
MotorsTV is available for free in the UK via Freeview, and on satellite for those with a Sky viewing card. MotorsTV has been showing the WEC live since the start, strange for Eurosport to suddenly say, "take your fiawec.com live stream behind a paywall".
I don't think they have said anything like that (except for LM since the beginning of time), unless Acid09 has some proof

And if he's referring to this old line from Neveu
"If the live streaming is free for all, this will cause problems for our first screen broadcasters. First screen participants, such as our TV Broadcaster, will not sign a contract if the content is available for free in an application."


That could just be an excuse or meant just for LM, but even if it wasn't the quote doesn't make sense as Eurosport already signed the 2013-2016 contract for LM&WEC in June 2013 - so what contract signing was there left to be done?
http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/e...ec_until_2016/

I guess you could argue that it was already part of the 2013 contract to make it non-free in 2014, but if that was the case, why did the manufacturers appear to be so shocked in April? Surely ACO wouldn't have kept them in the dark
http://tentenths.com/forum/showpost....&postcount=347

As for Motors TV, it's rather telling that they don't have the rights to broadcast Le Mans, but every other race is theirs. So clearly Eurosport doesn't give rats ass about the rest of the schedule outside Le Mans if they let them air full races alongside them. I've always said that the rest of the championship is likely only broadcasted as it's part of ACO's Le Mans TV rights deal. That is obviously just my assumption but probably not too far stretched don't ya think?

Last edited by Deleted; 18 Aug 2014 at 11:40.
Deleted is offline  
Quote
Reply


Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off

Forum Jump

Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
[WEC] FIA World Endurance Championship Acid09 ACO Regulated Series 3943 4 Apr 2014 06:56
World Rallycross Championship 2014 WJM Rallying & Rallycross 67 19 Oct 2013 21:10
[WEC] World Endurance Championship - A New Proposal Beetle ACO Regulated Series 19 8 Jan 2013 08:12


All times are GMT. The time now is 14:16.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.11
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, vBulletin Solutions Inc.
Original Website Copyright © 1998-2003 Craig Antil. All Rights Reserved.
Ten-Tenths Motorsport Forums Copyright © 2004-2021 Royalridge Computing. All Rights Reserved.
Ten-Tenths Motorsport Forums Copyright © 2021-2022 Grant MacDonald. All Rights Reserved.